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Slowly Changing Dimensions (SCD)
Dimensional Data Mode
To understand dimensional data modeling, let's define some of the terms commonly used in this type of modeling:
Junk Dimension
Junk dimension is the way to solve this problem. In a junk dimension, we combine these indicator fields into a single dimension. This way, we'll only need to build a single dimension table, and the number of fields in the fact table, as well as the size of the fact table, can be decreased. The content in the junk dimension table is the combination of all possible values of the individual indicator fields.
MOLAP, ROLAP, And HOLAP
What Is OLAP
Data Integrity
In a data warehouse or a data mart, there are three areas of where data integrity needs to be enforced:
Data Warehouse Schemas
Star Schemas :
The star schema (also called star-join schema, data cube, or multi-dimensional schema) is the simplest style of data warehouse schema. The star schema consists of one or more fact tables referencing any number of dimension tables
DWH Modeling Methodologies
In addition to conformed dimensions, you need conformed facts. Conforming a fact really amounts to standardizing the definitions of terms across individual marts. Often, different divisions or departments use the same term in different ways. Does “revenue” refer to “gross revenue” or “adjusted revenue”? Does “units shipped” refer to cases of items or individual items?
Make certain your design team develops, early on, a uniform enterprise taxonomy—and enforce it.
What is Data Warehouse?
The typical ETL-based data warehouse uses staging, integration, and access layers to house its key functions. The staging layer or staging database stores raw data extracted from each of the disparate source data systems. The integration layer integrates the disparate data sets by transforming the data from the staging layer often storing this transformed data in an operational data store (ODS) database. The integrated data is then moved to yet another database, often called the data warehouse database, where the data is arranged into hierarchical groups often called dimensions and into facts and aggregate facts. The combination of facts and dimensions is sometimes called a star schema. The access layer helps users retrieve data.
Who Qualifies For A Good Tester
Challenges faced by QA/Testing Teams in Devops
Jenkins Step-by-Step Setup
Jenkins
is a software that allows continuous integration. Jenkins will be
installed on a server where the central build will take place. The following
flowchart demonstrates a very simple workflow of how Jenkins works.
Along
with Jenkins, sometimes, one might also see the association of Hudson.
Hudson is a very popular open-source Java-based continuous integration tool
developed by Sun Microsystems which was later acquired by Oracle. After the
acquisition of Sun by Oracle, a fork was created from the Hudson source code,
which brought about the introduction of Jenkins.
Differences between Mobile Native Apps And Mobile Web Apps
What is a Mobile Application?
Mobile
applications are applications created by companies, developers to do a specific
task(for a specific use). These applications are called as mobile native
applications or mobile web based applications. These applications either run on
mobile devices (native apps) or on websites (mobile web apps).
Mobile Application Types:
- What is Mobile Native Apps: The applications that reside on the phone or that can be downloaded from OEM stores.
- What is Mobile Web Based Apps: The applications that can be accessed through Browsers.
Mobile application testing
Appium FAQ'S
Appium is an open source tool which is useful
in testing of Native Apps,Hybrid Apps and Mobile Web Apps.By using Appium you
can automate Android ,IOS and Mobile Web applications
with the help of many languages.
2.What are the drivers supported in Appium?
Appium support two drivers to Automate the
apps in different platforms,i.e Android driver and IOS Driver.
Mobile Application Testing: Step-by-Step Process
Mobile Testing Interview Questions
2. What are the areas to be covered in mobile device testing?
3. Do you have hands on experience on Linux OS?
4. What is the latest version of iOS ?
5. Have you ever done Security Testing on Mobile Devices/Apps? What kind of Security have you performed for Android & iOS
Mobile application testing tools
- There are some standards a mobile automation tool must meet in order to enhance your mobile QA
- The tool must be easy to use. It must be as easy as possible to record an automated test script.
- It needs to run on both native and object web properties, making identification of the components of the app as precise and consistent as possible.
- It should easily connect to the cloud
- It should enable more than functional testing to give the most comprehensive check of your app before it goes to your users.
Mobile Testing
Methods for testing big data applications
Hadoop Testing Tools
·
Mockito – Java Framework, similar to MRUnit for unit
testing Hadoop Map reduce jobs.
·
PigUnit – Java framework that helps developers unit test Pig
Scripts.
·
HiveRunner – An Open Source unit test framework for
hadoop hivequeries based on JUnit4
·
Beetest – Unit Testing Framework for Hive Queries
·
Hive_test – Another Open source unit testing framework for Hive
·
HBaseTestingUtility – Java API for HBase Mini-cluster
and we can use this along with Junit/Mockito/MRUnit frameworks to unit test
Hbase Applications.
·
QuerySurge – Test tool built to automate Data Warehouse testing
and the ETL Testing process. JDBC-compliant db, DWH, DMart, flat file, XML,
Hadoop.
Big Data Challenges
Often Big data characteristics are described with the
help of Five Vs (Big Data Volume Velocity Variety and Veracity). They are
as follows.
Popular Hadoop Distributions
Business Intelligence and Data Warehousing
What is Business Intelligence?
Business Intelligence is the set
of processes, technologies, and tools that help an organization to transform
raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis
(Identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems).
NoSQL
What is NoSQL
NoSQL stands for Not Only SQL and
provides mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means
other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.
Features of
NoSQL databases
·
Non-Relational
·
Distributed
·
Open-Source
·
Horizontally Scalable
·
Relaxing from ACID properties of RDBMS but adheres to BASE
theorem.
Career in Software Testing
Organization Hierarchy Chart:
The organization hierarchy mentioned below will not be the same in all companies and differ from each other. We have placed only few titles in the chart.
Career Path and salary of a Software Tester:
A software tester begins his /her career as a trainee and gets molded as a senior software tester or software testing lead after 4 to 5 years of experience. Playing a lead role involves additional responsibilities like metrics collection, review, training the junior resources etc apart from testing. and involve in project management, quality assurance, process management, SDLC models selection, administration etc. The mapping between career path of a tester and experience in the below mentioned table is based on my experience and it will vary from company to company.
Career Path of a Software Tester
|
Experience
|
Salary Range - US $
|
Software Tester (Junior or Fresher or Trainee Level)
|
Less than 1 year
|
Around 40,000
|
Software Tester - Middle Level
|
Around 3 years
|
Around 65,000
|
Software Tester - Senior Level/Lead
|
Around 5 years
|
Around 80,000
|
Software Testing - Architect
|
Around 10 years
|
Around 120,000
|
Software Testing - Manager
|
Around 10 years
|
Around 120,000
|
Software Testing - Director
|
Around 15 years
|
Around 150,000
|
Software Testing - Vice President
|
Around 15 years
|
Around 150,000
|
Software Testing – President
|
Around 15 years
|
Around 150,000
|
Pay Scale of a Software Tester:
The salary range of a software tester working in USA mentioned in the above table is a ball park number. Salary will be different from company to company and will be based on US TAX TERMS like w2 (with benefits and without benefits), h1b processing fee, green card processing fee, health insurance, vacation, duration of the project, role in the project, location, sign on bonus, relocation expenses, bench period etc agreed by the candidate and the employer.
When a candidate works on billing rate per hour with an employer, then the amount that is earned will be more since the employer will the pay only the billing rate agreed and will not care about the benefits of the candidate. A middle level software tester can get $40 to $60 per hour and a senior level tester/lead can get between $50 and $70 etc.
Set Career Goals
Employability Skills
Employability skills allow you to:
- communicate with coworkers
- solve problems
- understand your role within the team
- make responsible choices, and
- take charge of your own career
Industry Expectations from Fresh Graduates
Behavioural Interview Questions for Software Testers
As a Software Tester, you
will be interacting with a lot of people from different sections of a business.
For example, if you are a QA in an Agile team, you need to be constantly
talking with developers, product owners, scrum masters and other fellow testers.
Test Automation During Sprint
The way to do this is to have an automation framework which speeds up writing automated scripts, so that you just focus on the scenarios rather than spending time creating functions.
Guide to Writing Good Agile User Stories
In this post, we describe how to write good user stories and what should be included.
What to Test When There is Not Enough Time to Test
One of the major tasks of a Test Manager is to prioritize which tests need to be run when there is not enough time to execute all the tests.
Use risk analysis to determine where testing should be focused.
Since it’s rarely possible to test every possible aspect of an application, every possible combination of events, every dependency, or everything that could go wrong, risk analysis is appropriate to most software development projects. This requires judgment skills, common sense, and experience. (If warranted, formal methods are also available.)
Test Automation Tips and Best Practices
Test Automation, when done right, can be very beneficial to the team. The tips below will help you get the most value from your automated testing process and activity and highlights pitfalls to avoid when starting to automate your tests.
What Makes a Good Agile Tester?
Quite often there are challenges in testing in an agile environments such as lack of documentation, changing priorities, less time to test, but with the right mindset and attitude, testers in agile team can provide a lot of value and help the team deliver good quality software on continuous basis.
Web Testing Tips
It is important that, as testers, when we are involved in Web Testing, we should be familiar with the basics of HTTP to get a good understanding of how web applications work.
Testing E-commerce Websites
Most E-commerce Websites share a general common theme and structure, e.g:
- Homepage
- Search Results Page
- Product Details Page
- Order Form Page
- Order Confirmation Page
- Login Form Page and Accounts Pages
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