XPath axes are those axes that are used to search for the multiple nodes in the XML document from the current node context.
These methods are mainly used when the web element is not identified with the help of ID, name, class name, link text, CSS selector and XPath, etc. locators.
Self
Parent
Child
Ancestor
Descendant
Following
Following-sibling
Preceding
preceding-sibling
Example:
import java.util.List; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class LocatorsDemo5_XPAthAxes { public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C://Drivers//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://money.rediff.com/gainers/bse/daily/groupa"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); //Self - Selects the current node String text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/self::a")).getText(); System.out.println(text); //India Tourism De //Parent - Selects the parent of the current node (always One) text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/parent::td")).getText(); System.out.println(text); //India Tourism De //Child - Selects all children of the current node (One or many) List childs=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/child::td")); System.out.println("Number of child elements:"+childs.size());//5 //Ancestor - Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr")).getText(); System.out.println(text); //Descendant - Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node List descendants=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/descendant::*")); System.out.println("Number of descendant nodes:"+descendants.size()); //Following -Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node Listfollowingnodes=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/following::tr")); System.out.println("Number of following nodes:"+followingnodes.size()); //Following-sibling : Selects all siblings after the current node List followingsiblings=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/following-sibling::tr")); System.out.println("Number of Following Siblings:"+followingsiblings.size()); //Preceding - Selects all nodes that appear before the current node in the document List precedings=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/preceding::tr")); System.out.println("Number of preceding nodes:"+precedings.size()); //preceding-sibling - Selects all siblings before the current node List precedingsiblings=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/preceding-sibling::tr")); System.out.println("Number of preceding sibling nodes:"+precedingsiblings.size()); driver.close(); } }
Hands on:
1) Find the sign-up button from the registration form present in the Facebook application. (child)
//div[@id='reg_form_box']/child::div[10]/button
2) Locate Firstname field from SignUp button in facebook (Parent)
//button[@id='u_0_13']//parent::*/parent::*/child::div[1]/div[1]/div[2]
//button[@id='u_0_13']//ancestor::div[2]/child::div[1]/div[1]/div[2]
3) Identify the Password from Mobile number filed in facebook.(Following)
//input[@id='u_0_r']/following::input[2]
4) Locate Mobile number from newpassword field in facebook (preceding)
//input[@id='password_step_input']/preceding::input[2]
5) Locate surname from female radio button in facebook(Ancestor)
//input[@id='u_0_6']/ancestor::div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]
//input[@id='u_0_6']/ancestor::div[2]//input[@id='u_0_o']
6) Identify the search text box from the Google search button present in the Google search home page. (Parent)
//div[@class='FPdoLc tfB0Bf']//input[@name='btnK']/parent::*/parent::*/parent::*/div[1]
7) Identify the Today’s Deals link from the amazon search text box present in the amazon home page.(Following)
//input[@id='twotabsearchtextbox']/following::a[contains(text(),'Best Sellers')]
8) Identify the Hello, Signin from the amazon search text box present in the amazon home page. (Following)
//input[@id='twotabsearchtextbox']/following::span[contains(text(),'Hello, Sign in')]
9) Identify Mobiles link which is part of Menu bar - Amazon (Descendant)
//div[@id='nav-xshop']/descendant::a[1]
//div[@id='nav-xshop']/descendant::a[contains(text(),'Mobiles')]
Locators in Selenium are one of the most powerful commands. Its ideally the building block of the Selenium automation scripts. It helps locate the GUI elements through which multiple user actions can be performed. These are one of the important parameters for scripting, and if they end up to be incorrect or brittle, they may lead to script failure. A good scripting base foundation requires elements to be located appropriately. For this, we have multiple locators in Selenium WebDriver. Below is the list of these locators of Selenium WebDriver :
Id
Name
Link Text
Partial LinkText
ClassName
Tag Name
CSS Selector
XPath
Example 1: --------------------------------------------- import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class LocatorsDemo1 { public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://automationpractice.com/index.php"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); // maximize web page // id & name locators WebElement searchbox=driver.findElement(By.id("search_query_top")); searchbox.sendKeys("T-shirts"); driver.findElement(By.name("submit_search")).click(); //linkText & partial linkText //driver.findElement(By.linkText("Printed Chiffon Dress")).click(); driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Chiffon Dress")).click(); } }
Example 2: --------------------------------------------- import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class LocatorsDemo2 { public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://automationpractice.com/index.php"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); // maximize web page //className int sliders=driver.findElements(By.className("homeslider-container")).size(); System.out.println(sliders); //TagName int links=driver.findElements(By.tagName("a")).size(); System.out.println(links); } } Example3 ------------------------------------- import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; public class LocatosDemo3 { public static void main(String[] args) { System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); // maximize web page //Tag & ID //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#email")).sendKeys("David"); //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#email")).sendKeys("David"); // Tag & Class //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext")).sendKeys("John"); //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".inputtext")).sendKeys("John"); //Tag & attribute //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[name=email]")).sendKeys("Smith"); //driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=email]")).sendKeys("Smith"); //Tag , class & attribute driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext[data-testid=royal_email]")).sendKeys("Smith"); driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext[data-testid=royal_pass]")).sendKeys("abc"); } }
