Selenium Locators - XPath Axes

XPath axes are those axes that are used to search for the multiple nodes in the XML document from the current node context.
These methods are mainly used when the web element is not identified with the help of ID, name, class name, link text, CSS selector and XPath, etc. locators.

• Self
• Parent
• Child
• Ancestor
• Descendant
• Following
• Following-sibling
• Preceding
• preceding-sibling

Example:

import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LocatorsDemo5_XPAthAxes {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C://Drivers//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://money.rediff.com/gainers/bse/daily/groupa");
driver.manage().window().maximize();

//Self  - Selects the current node
String text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/self::a")).getText();
System.out.println(text); //India Tourism De


//Parent - Selects the parent of the current node (always One)
text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/parent::td")).getText();
System.out.println(text);  //India Tourism De

//Child - Selects all children of the current node (One or many)
List childs=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/child::td"));
System.out.println("Number of child elements:"+childs.size());//5

//Ancestor - Selects all ancestors (parent, grandparent, etc.) 
text=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr")).getText();
System.out.println(text);

//Descendant - Selects all descendants (children, grandchildren, etc.) of the current node
List descendants=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/descendant::*"));
System.out.println("Number of descendant nodes:"+descendants.size());

//Following -Selects everything in the document after the closing tag of the current node
Listfollowingnodes=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/following::tr"));
System.out.println("Number of following nodes:"+followingnodes.size());

//Following-sibling : Selects all siblings after the current node
List followingsiblings=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/following-sibling::tr"));
System.out.println("Number of Following Siblings:"+followingsiblings.size());

//Preceding - Selects all nodes that appear before the current node in the document
List precedings=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/preceding::tr"));
System.out.println("Number of preceding nodes:"+precedings.size());

//preceding-sibling - Selects all siblings before the current node
List precedingsiblings=driver.findElements(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'India Tourism De')]/ancestor::tr/preceding-sibling::tr"));
System.out.println("Number of preceding sibling nodes:"+precedingsiblings.size());

driver.close();
}

}

Hands on:
1) Find the sign-up button from the registration form present in the Facebook application. (child)
//div[@id='reg_form_box']/child::div[10]/button

2) Locate Firstname field from SignUp button in facebook (Parent)
//button[@id='u_0_13']//parent::*/parent::*/child::div[1]/div[1]/div[2]
//button[@id='u_0_13']//ancestor::div[2]/child::div[1]/div[1]/div[2]


3) Identify the Password from Mobile number filed in facebook.(Following)
//input[@id='u_0_r']/following::input[2]


4) Locate Mobile number from newpassword field in facebook (preceding)
//input[@id='password_step_input']/preceding::input[2]


5) Locate surname from female radio button in facebook(Ancestor)
//input[@id='u_0_6']/ancestor::div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]
//input[@id='u_0_6']/ancestor::div[2]//input[@id='u_0_o']

6) Identify the search text box from the Google search button present in the Google search home page. (Parent)
//div[@class='FPdoLc tfB0Bf']//input[@name='btnK']/parent::*/parent::*/parent::*/div[1]


7) Identify the Today’s Deals link from the amazon search text box present in the amazon home page.(Following)
//input[@id='twotabsearchtextbox']/following::a[contains(text(),'Best Sellers')]

8) Identify the Hello, Signin from the amazon search text box present in the amazon home page. (Following)
//input[@id='twotabsearchtextbox']/following::span[contains(text(),'Hello, Sign in')]

9) Identify Mobiles link which is part of Menu bar - Amazon  (Descendant)
//div[@id='nav-xshop']/descendant::a[1]
//div[@id='nav-xshop']/descendant::a[contains(text(),'Mobiles')]

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Selenium Locators - XPath

XPath is defined as XML path.

It is a syntax or language for finding any element on the web page using XML path expression. 

XPath is used to find the location of any element on a webpage using HTML DOM structure.

XPath can be used to navigate through elements and attributes in DOM. 

In this article we will disccuss

1) What is XPath?

2) What is DOM?

3) Types of XPath ( Absolute & Relative)

4) Diff between Absolute & Relative xpaths 

5) How to capture XPaths - Extensions for chrome

6) Which XPath is preferred? Why?

7) XPath options

•    or
•    and
•    contains()
•    starts-with()
•    text()
•    chained xpath

Example:

-----------------

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LocatorsDemo4_XPaths {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C://Drivers//chromedriver_win32//chromedriver.exe");

WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("http://automationpractice.com/index.php");
driver.manage().window().maximize();

//Absolute xpath
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html[1]/body[1]/div[1]/div[1]/header[1]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/form[1]/input[4]")).sendKeys("T-shirts");
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html[1]/body[1]/div[1]/div[1]/header[1]/div[3]/div[1]/div[1]/div[2]/form[1]/button[1]")).click();

//Relative xpath
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='search_query_top']")).sendKeys("T-shirts");
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@name='submit_search']")).click();


//xpath with   'or'

//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='search_query_top' or @name='search_queryX']")).sendKeys("T-shirts");
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@name='submit_searchX' or @class='btn btn-default button-search']")).click();

//xpath with 'and'
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='search_query_top' and @name='search_query']")).sendKeys("T-shirts");
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[@name='submit_search' and @class='btn btn-default button-search']")).click();

//xpath with contains()
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[contains(@id,'query_top')]")).sendKeys("T-shirts"); // id=search_query_top
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[contains(@name,'search')]")).click(); // name=submit_search

//xpath with start-with()
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[starts-with(@id,'search_query')]")).sendKeys("T-shirts"); // id=search_query_top
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//button[starts-with(@name,'submit_')]")).click(); // name=submit_search

//xpath with text()
//driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[text()='Women']")).click();   // WOMEN Tab

//chained xpath

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//form[@id='searchbox']//input[@id='search_query_top']")).sendKeys("T-shirts");
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//form[@id='searchbox']//button[@name='submit_search']")).click();


}

}

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Selenium Locators - Id, Name, LinksText, partial LinkText & CSS Selector

Locators in Selenium are one of the most powerful commands. Its ideally the building block of the Selenium automation scripts. It helps locate the GUI elements through which multiple user actions can be performed. These are one of the important parameters for scripting, and if they end up to be incorrect or brittle, they may lead to script failure. A good scripting base foundation requires elements to be located appropriately. For this, we have multiple locators in Selenium WebDriver. Below is the list of these locators of Selenium WebDriver :

• Id
• Name
• Link Text
• Partial LinkText
• ClassName
• Tag Name
• CSS Selector
• XPath

Example 1:
---------------------------------------------
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LocatorsDemo1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://automationpractice.com/index.php");

driver.manage().window().maximize(); // maximize web page


// id & name locators
WebElement searchbox=driver.findElement(By.id("search_query_top"));
searchbox.sendKeys("T-shirts");

driver.findElement(By.name("submit_search")).click();

//linkText & partial linkText
//driver.findElement(By.linkText("Printed Chiffon Dress")).click();
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Chiffon Dress")).click();

}

}

Example 2:
---------------------------------------------
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LocatorsDemo2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("http://automationpractice.com/index.php");

driver.manage().window().maximize(); // maximize web page

//className
int sliders=driver.findElements(By.className("homeslider-container")).size();
System.out.println(sliders);

//TagName
int links=driver.findElements(By.tagName("a")).size();
System.out.println(links);
}

}

Example3
-------------------------------------
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class LocatosDemo3 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\Drivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver();

driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
driver.manage().window().maximize(); // maximize web page

//Tag & ID
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#email")).sendKeys("David");
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#email")).sendKeys("David");

// Tag & Class
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext")).sendKeys("John");
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".inputtext")).sendKeys("John");

//Tag & attribute
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[name=email]")).sendKeys("Smith");
//driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=email]")).sendKeys("Smith");

//Tag , class & attribute
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext[data-testid=royal_email]")).sendKeys("Smith");
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext[data-testid=royal_pass]")).sendKeys("abc");

}

}

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Good Test Automation Framework Checklist

• Reusable methods or page classes – Create reusable methods wherever you discover repeatable code. Don’t duplicate an equivalent thing multiple tests.
• Data driven – Test data like URLs / User Names and Passwords are maintained in properties file or Excel files. Don’t hard code everywhere.
• Explicit waits – Thread sleep delays everywhere in test scenarios. Also reduce the performance. So attempt to use Explicit waits.
• Variables names should be meaning full.
• Try to use public API’s rather than creating more utility files from scratch.
• Reporting – Don’t print results using System.out.println. Always use Reporting mechanisms.
• Headless test execution support when there's a necessity
• Don’t hard code absolute paths given to files utilized in the framework, instead of just putting the files into a folder relative to the framework.
• Data should read from test scenarios but not in page classes.
• Try to reduce Unnecessary program loops within the code.
• Test framework should organize into well-defined packages
• Pages – Where page classes reside
• Test – Where test reside
• Utility – Where utility classes resides. like reporting and file reading classes
• Documentation on deploying the test framework
• Logging facility for frameworks, when something goes wrong
• Base driver support to run in multiple browsers
• Good naming conventions for page class and test class naming
• Tests should be independent when executing
• Detailed reports on test executions and failures
• Use design patterns and principals
• Use BDD – But this is often not mandatory always
• Screen shots on failures - Helps failure investigation easy.
• Use dependency management like Maven for Java, Nuget for .net, PIP for Python

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Docker Commands

Basic Commands

1)docker version
2)docker -v
3)docker info
4)docker --help

docker --help
Example: Get information about images.....
docker images --help     --> Gives you details about how to use images command
docker run --help --> Gives you details about how to use run commands
5)docker login

Images Commands

6)docker images    --> lists the images present in the machine
7)docker pull   ---> pull the image from docker hub
docker pull ubuntu
docker images  --> list the image

8)docker rmi
docker images -q   --> Gives you image ID
docker rmi <>   ----> Deletes image
docker images   ---> No Images


Containers Commands

9)docker ps  & : docker run

docker ps ---> List the containers, Bo containers as of now.
docker run ubuntu ---> Locally not available ,Pulling image from Dockerhub.
docker ps --> Still not listed contaner, becoz we didi not created container so far....
docker run -it ubuntu   ---> inside ubuntu
docker ps ---> lists the container


10) docker start
docker start <>

11)docker stop
docker stop <>

System Commands

12) docker stats   --> gives details abount running containers, memory usage etc..
13)docker system df
14)docker system prune 
docker system prune -f --> Rermoves all stopped contaniers

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How to Convert Database Results into JSON Files

Pre-Requisite:

Create Mock Table "constomersInfo" in "ClassicModels" Database and insert some data.

CREATE DATABASE ClassicModels;

use ClassicModels;

CREATE TABLE CustomerInfo

(BookName varchar(50),

PurchasedDate date,

Amount int(50),

Location varchar(50));

INSERT INTO CustomerInfo values("selenium",CURRENT_DATE(),350,'Africa');

INSERT INTO CustomerInfo values("Java",CURRENT_DATE(),200,'Africa');

INSERT INTO CustomerInfo values("Python",CURRENT_DATE(),250,'Asia');

INSERT INTO CustomerInfo values("Jmeter",CURRENT_DATE(),150,'Asia');

INSERT INTO CustomerInfo values("C#",CURRENT_DATE(),300,'Asia');

select * from CustomerInfo where purchasedDate=CURDATE() and Location ='Asia';

Step 1: Retrieve Results from Database using JDBC

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

public class ConvertDBResult_JavaObject_JsonFile{

     public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

          // 1) Create a connection

          Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/classicmodels", "root", "root");

          // 2) Create statement/Query

          Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

          String s = "select * from customerinfo  limit 1";

          // 3,4) Execute statement/Query & Store data in resultset

          ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(s);

          CustomerDetails cd=new CustomerDetails();

         

          while (rs.next()) {

              String bookname = rs.getString("BookName");

              String purchasedate = rs.getString("PurchasedDate");

              int amount = rs.getInt("Amount");

              String location = rs.getString("Location");

              System.out.println(bookname + "   " + purchasedate + "      " + amount+"    "+location);

          }

          // 5) close connection

          con.close();

          System.out.println("Query executed.....");

     }

}

Step 2: Converts Data base Results into Java Object (Plain Old Java Object)  public class CustomerDetails {

     String bookname;

     String purchasedate;

     int amount;

     String location;

    

     public String getBookname() {

          return bookname;

     }

     public void setBookname(String bookname) {

          this.bookname = bookname;

     }

     public String getPurchasedate() {

          return purchasedate;

     }

     public void setPurchasedate(String purchasedate) {

          this.purchasedate = purchasedate;

     }

     public int getAmount() {

          return amount;

     }

     public void setAmount(int amount) {

          this.amount = amount;

     }

     public String getLocation() {

          return location;

     }

     public void setLocation(String location) {

          this.location = location;

     }

}

Modify JDBC Program which will use POJO (Plain Old Java Object) Class to retrieve data from Java Object.

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

public class ConvertDBResult_JavaObject_JsonFile{

     public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {

          // 1) Create a connection

          Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/classicmodels", "root", "root");

          // 2) Create statement/Query

          Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

          String s = "select * from customerinfo  limit 1";

          // 3,4) Execute statement/Query & Store data in resultset

          ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(s);

          CustomerDetails cd=new CustomerDetails();

         

          while (rs.next()) {

              String bookname = rs.getString("BookName");

              String purchasedate = rs.getString("PurchasedDate");

              int amount = rs.getInt("Amount");

              String location = rs.getString("Location");

             

              cd.setBookname(bookname);

              cd.setPurchasedate(purchasedate);

              cd.setAmount(amount);

              cd.setLocation(location);

          }

          // 5) close connection

          con.close();

    

          System.out.println(cd.getLocation());

     }

}

Step 3: Convert Java Objects into JSON Files

            Maven Dependencies: Jackson Core, Jackson Databind, Jackson annotations

Single Java Object à Single JSON File:

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerationException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class ConvertDBResult_JavaObject_JsonFile{

     public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException {

          // 1) Create a connection

          Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/classicmodels", "root", "root");

          // 2) Create statement/Query

          Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

          String s = "select * from customerinfo  limit 1";

          // 3,4) Execute statement/Query & Store data in resultset

          ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(s);

          CustomerDetails cd=new CustomerDetails();

         

          while (rs.next()) {

              String bookname = rs.getString("BookName");

              String purchasedate = rs.getString("PurchasedDate");

              int amount = rs.getInt("Amount");

              String location = rs.getString("Location");

             

              cd.setBookname(bookname);

              cd.setPurchasedate(purchasedate);

              cd.setAmount(amount);

              cd.setLocation(location);

          }

          // 5) close connection

          con.close();

                  

          // Using Jakson API, Converting Java object into JSON File

          File jsonfile=new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\eclipse-workspace\\sdet\\custinfo.json");

         

          ObjectMapper om=new ObjectMapper();

          om.writeValue(jsonfile, cd);

         

          System.out.println("Done!");

         

     }

}

Multiple Java Objects à Multiple JSON Files:

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerationException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class ConvertDBResults_JavaObjects_JsonFiles {

     public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException {

          // 1) Create a connection

          Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/classicmodels", "root", "root");

          // 2) Create statement/Query

          Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

          String s = "select * from customerinfo";

          // 3,4) Execute statement/Query & Store data in resultset

          ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(s);

          ArrayList ar=new ArrayList();

         

          while (rs.next()) {

              String bookname = rs.getString("BookName");

              String purchasedate = rs.getString("PurchasedDate");

              int amount = rs.getInt("Amount");

              String location = rs.getString("Location");

             

              CustomerDetails cd=new CustomerDetails();

             

              cd.setBookname(bookname);

              cd.setPurchasedate(purchasedate);

              cd.setAmount(amount);

              cd.setLocation(location);

             

              ar.add(cd); // Adding all the objects to arraylist

          }

          //Using Jakson API, Converting all Java objects into JSON Files

         

          for(int i=0;i

          {

              File jsonfile=new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\eclipse-workspace\\sdet\\custinfo"+i+".json");

             

              ObjectMapper om=new ObjectMapper();

              om.writeValue(jsonfile,ar.get(i));

          }

                  

          System.out.println("Done!");

    

          con.close();

         

     }

}

Multiple Java Objects à Single JSON (Along with JSON Formatting):

package sdet;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.sql.Connection;

import java.sql.DriverManager;

import java.sql.ResultSet;

import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.json.simple.JSONArray;

import org.json.simple.JSONObject;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerationException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class ConvertDBResults_JavaObjects_SingleJsonFile {

     public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException, JsonGenerationException, JsonMappingException, IOException {

          // 1) Create a connection

          Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/classicmodels", "root", "root");

          // 2) Create statement/Query

          Statement stmt = con.createStatement();

          String s = "select * from customerinfo";

          // 3,4) Execute statement/Query & Store data in resultset

          ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(s);

          ArrayList ar=new ArrayList();

         

          while (rs.next()) {

              String bookname = rs.getString("BookName");

              String purchasedate = rs.getString("PurchasedDate");

              int amount = rs.getInt("Amount");

              String location = rs.getString("Location");

             

              CustomerDetails cd=new CustomerDetails();

             

              cd.setBookname(bookname);

              cd.setPurchasedate(purchasedate);

              cd.setAmount(amount);

              cd.setLocation(location);

             

              ar.add(cd); // Adding all the objects to arraylist

          }

          //Using Jakson API, Converting all Java objects into JSON Files

         

          JSONArray jsonr=new JSONArray(); //Required to add JSon string to Json array

         

          for(int i=0;i

          {

              //File jsonfile=new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\eclipse-workspace\\sdet\\custinfo"+i+".json");

              //ObjectMapper om=new ObjectMapper();

              //om.writeValue(jsonfile,ar.get(i));

             

              Gson g=new Gson();

              String JsonString=g.toJson(ar.get(i)); //Converts Java object into JSON String

             

              jsonr.add(JsonString); //Add JSon String to Json Array

          }

         

          JSONObject jo=new JSONObject();

          jo.put("data",jsonr);

         

          System.out.println(jo.toJSONString()); // added escape chars That's not right format

    

          String jsonFormattedString = jo.toJSONString().replace("\\\"", "\""); //removed escape chars

          System.out.println(jsonFormattedString); //still doubles quotes there. It's not exactly in Json format

         

          String finalJSONString=jsonFormattedString.replace("\"{","{").replace("}\"","}"); //Removes double quotes both the sides

          System.out.println(finalJSONString);

         

          System.out.println("Done!");

                  

          con.close();

         

     }

}

Step 4: Convert JSON to Java Object

import java.io.File;

import java.io.IOException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

public class JSONtoJavaObject {

     public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonParseException, JsonMappingException, IOException {

         

          ObjectMapper om=new ObjectMapper();

         

          File jsonfile=new File("C:\\Users\\admin\\eclipse-workspace\\sdet\\custinfo.json");

          CustomerDetails cd=om.readValue(jsonfile, CustomerDetails.class);

         

          System.out.println(cd.getBookname());

          System.out.println(cd.getAmount());

         

     }

}

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