Conditional statements are a fundamental concept in programming, allowing developers to execute different code paths based on certain conditions. They help create dynamic and responsive applications by controlling the flow of execution. In this post, we’ll delve into three main types of conditional statements: if statements, if-else statements, and switch-case statements.
1. If Statement
The if statement is the simplest form of conditional logic. It evaluates a condition and, if the condition is true, executes a block of code. If the condition is false, the code block is skipped.
Syntax:
if condition:
# code to execute if condition is true
In this example, the program checks if the age
is greater than or equal to 18. Since the condition is true, it prints the message.
2. If-Else Statement
The if-else statement extends the functionality of the if statement by adding an alternative code block that executes when the condition is false. This allows for more complex decision-making in the code.
Syntax:
if condition:
# code to execute if condition is true
else:
# code to execute if condition is false
Here, the program checks the same condition as before. Since age
is 16, which is less than 18, it executes the else
block, informing the user they are not eligible to vote.
3. Switch-Case Statement
The switch-case statement is another type of conditional statement that allows the execution of different code blocks based on the value of a variable. While not all programming languages support this statement (Python, for instance, does not have a built-in switch-case construct), languages like C, C++, Java, and JavaScript do.
Syntax:
switch (expression) {
case value1:
// code to execute if expression equals value1
break;
case value2:
// code to execute if expression equals value2
break;
default:
// code to execute if expression doesn't match any case
}
In this example, the switch statement evaluates the day
variable. Since day
is 3, it assigns "Wednesday" to dayName
and prints it. The break
statement prevents the execution of subsequent cases once a match is found.
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