Selenium with Java – Mastering Keyboard Actions, Sliders, and Tabs & Windows

 Selenium WebDriver with Java is a powerful tool that allows automation of web applications across various browsers. One of the key reasons Selenium stands out is its flexibility in handling different browser actions. In this post, we’ll dive into three advanced Selenium concepts: Keyboard Actions, Sliders, and Handling Multiple Tabs & Windows. By the end of this post, you’ll have a solid understanding of how to automate these interactions with Selenium WebDriver and Java.

Table of Contents:

  1. Introduction to Selenium with Java
  2. Keyboard Actions in Selenium
  3. Handling Sliders with Selenium
  4. Managing Multiple Tabs and Windows
  5. Conclusion

1. Introduction to Selenium with Java

Selenium WebDriver is one of the most popular tools for web automation. It provides a rich API for interacting with web elements such as buttons, text fields, dropdowns, and more. Java, being a powerful and widely-used programming language, is often used in combination with Selenium for automation scripts.

But beyond basic web interactions, Selenium can also automate complex browser actions such as simulating keyboard events, interacting with sliders, and switching between multiple tabs and windows. Let’s explore how to implement these features.


2. Keyboard Actions in Selenium

There are various scenarios where you might need to simulate keyboard actions, like pressing Enter, Tab, or using key combinations like Ctrl + A (Select All). Selenium provides an Actions class in Java to handle keyboard interactions.

Example: Simulating Keyboard Actions

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

public class KeyboardActionsExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set up WebDriver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://example.com");

        // Find the search box element
        WebElement searchBox = driver.findElement(By.id("search"));

        // Initialize Actions class
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

        // Type a query and press Enter
        actions.click(searchBox)
               .sendKeys("Selenium with Java")
               .sendKeys(Keys.ENTER)
               .build()
               .perform();

        // Clean up
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Common Keyboard Actions:

  • Keys.ENTER – Simulates the Enter key.
  • Keys.TAB – Simulates the Tab key.
  • Keys.CONTROL + Key – Simulates Ctrl key combinations like Ctrl + A, Ctrl + C, etc.

3. Handling Sliders with Selenium

Sliders are UI elements used for selecting a range or a value by dragging a handle across a bar. Selenium allows you to automate the movement of these sliders by simulating mouse drag-and-drop actions.

Example: Interacting with a Slider

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class SliderExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set up WebDriver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://example.com/slider");

        // Locate the slider element
        WebElement slider = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='range']"));

        // Initialize Actions class
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);

        // Move the slider by offset
        actions.clickAndHold(slider)
               .moveByOffset(50, 0) // Move the slider 50 pixels to the right
               .release()
               .perform();

        // Clean up
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Key Notes:

  • Click and Hold: This simulates holding the slider's handle.
  • Move By Offset: The offset controls how far the slider moves (positive or negative values).

4. Managing Multiple Tabs and Windows

Many web applications open new tabs or windows for specific operations, such as displaying additional information or confirming transactions. Selenium provides methods to switch between tabs and windows using the getWindowHandles() and switchTo().window() methods.

Example: Handling Multiple Tabs and Windows

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import java.util.Set;

public class TabsAndWindowsExample {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // Set up WebDriver
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://example.com");

        // Open a new tab/window
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("Open New Tab")).click();

        // Get the current window handle
        String originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle();

        // Get all window handles
        Set<String> allWindows = driver.getWindowHandles();

        // Switch to the newly opened tab/window
        for (String windowHandle : allWindows) {
            if (!windowHandle.equals(originalWindow)) {
                driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle);
                break;
            }
        }

        // Perform actions in the new tab/window
        System.out.println("Title of the new tab/window: " + driver.getTitle());

        // Switch back to the original tab/window
        driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);

        // Clean up
        driver.quit();
    }
}

Key Methods:

  • getWindowHandle(): Retrieves the handle of the current window.
  • getWindowHandles(): Returns a set of all window handles currently opened by the driver.
  • switchTo().window(): Switches the WebDriver’s control to a different window or tab.

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